This clause ensures that

anyone can enforce the law as long as they are citizens.

all states follow similar rules and legal processes.

any state can deprive its citizens of due process.

all non-citizens are not covered by due process.

Explanation:

The fourteenth amendment was ratified in 1868, it granted citizenship to all persons naturalised or born in the US, it also included the former slaves. It guaranteed equal protection of the laws to all citizens.  

It was one of the three amendments that were passed during the reconstruction era to establish legal and civil right for black Americans  and abolish slavery.

The other two amendment were the 13th and 15th amendments. The  13th, 14th and 15th amendments are together known as the Reconstruction Amendments.

14th amendment

Explanation:

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

i belive the continental association was created to boycott all contact with british goods.

i also belive it was in december 1, 1774