Which person gained the president seat after star Nicholas II was abdicated (resigned)

In which country did miguel hidalgo led the revolution against spain?

Why was galileo galilei brought before the inquisition? for insisting that earth stands still at the center of the universe for proving that planets move in elliptical orbits for putting forth evidence that earth moves around the sun for suggesting that the sun is a star

And 100 to 150 words discuss how the american people have responded to a middle eastern independence