"Without a revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement. The role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory. We have said that there could not have been Social-Democratic consciousness among the workers. It could only be brought to them from without. The history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own effort, is able to develop only trade union consciousness, i. e., the conviction that it is necessary to combine in unions, fight the employers, and strive to compel the government to pass necessary labor legislation. The theory of socialism, however, grew out of the philosophic, historical, and economic theories elaborated by educated representatives of the propertied classes, the intellectuals. Our worst sin with regard to organization is that by our amateurishness we have lowered the prestige of revolutionaries in Russia." Vladimir Lenin, Russian exile in Switzerland, What Is to Be Done?, 1902 Which of the following best describes a similarity between the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 ? Both were initiated in response to invasions by foreign powers. A Both gained the support of government reformers holding high bureaucratic positions. B Both were led by members of the working classes who had risen through the ranks of labor unions. C Both were able to gain support because of the ineffectiveness and corruption of the existing monarchies.

Plz me asap. upon arrival of european powers on american soil, a quick end came to many native populations. numbers were devastated the longer europeans were present. many empires such as the aztec and inca were taken by force. the natives’ weapons of arrows and rocks were no match for gunpowder, steel swords, and horses. yet even after hostile takeovers, the native americans continued to suffer in numerous ways. according to las casas, the harshness of the encomienda system took many native lives. examples of such harshness included beatings by colonists and exhaustion caused by never-ending labor. natives were forced into slave labor in order to process colonists’ crops such as sugar cane and tobacco. these crops were referred to as “cash crops”. cash crops are crops grown not for sustenance but because they are extremely profitable. the colonies would have natives tend to these crops and they would then be exported to other european nations for high prices in order to make manufactured or processed goods. native slaves were worked for long hours in extremely hot temperatures with very little food, water, or breaks. they suffered savage beatings for working too slow and some were killed for refusal to work due to their exhaustion. poor health is another struggle natives faced upon european colonization. many natives died from hunger once colonists started to take their land. colonists’ cattle trampled native crops such as corn and squash. but possibly the most devastating factor in declining native populations were the diseases brought by europeans and against which the native people had no immunity. these included smallpox, typhus, chicken pox, mumps, and measles. hundreds upon thousands of natives fell to such diseases. entire villages were wiped out in mere days of the first symptom. native cities throughout the americas became desolate from the fast spread of disease. native american empires such as the aztec and the inca fell to the spanish and portuguese in the 1500s. the aztec alone had between sixteen and eighteen million people under their rule before europeans landed on the continent. why were these empires unable to fight the inevitable take over of european powers? use evidence from the text to support your answer.