What does Lincoln mean when he says “the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the States?” The Confederacy could create its own laws if approved by Lincoln. All states could choose to form their own governments if they wanted. All states, even those that seceded, must obey the laws of the Union.

by 1890, the united states had by far the world's most productive economy. american industry produced twice as much as its closest competitor--britain. but the united states was not a great military or diplomatic power. its army numbered less than 30,000 troops, and its navy had only about 10,000 seamen. britain's army was five times the size of its american counterpart, and its navy was ten times bigger. the united states' military was small because the country was situated between two large oceans and was surrounded by weak or friendly nations. it faced no serious military threats and had little interest in asserting military power overseas.

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roosevelt, a progressive reformer, earned a reputation as a "trust buster" through his regulatory reforms and anti-trust prosecutions. his "square deal" included regulation of railroad rates and pure foods and drugs; he saw it as a fair deal for both the average citizen and the businessmen.