AB
Imperialismdomination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.
Protectoratecountry with its own government but under the control of an outside power.
Sphere of Influencearea in which an outside power claims exclusive investments or trading privileges.
Usman dan FodioFulani scholar and preacher who led the struggle to reform Muslim practices in northern Africa; set up a powerful Islamic state in Nigeria.
ShakaZulu leader whose conquest set off mass migrations and wars in southern Africa, as well as inspired pride among the Zulu.
Paternalisticviewing others as children in need of guidance.
David Livingstonefamous missionary-explorer to Africa.
Henry Stanleyjournalist who tracked down Dr. David Livingstone and later claimed the Congo for King Leopold II of Belgium.
King Leopold IIBelgian king who claimed the Congo as his personal possessions; his action led to the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which European powers established ground rules for establishing claims in Africa.
Boer Warwar between British and Boer settlers in South Africa, 1899-1902; British won.
Samori Tourefought French forces in western Africa.
Yaa AsantewaaAsante queen who led the fight against the British in the last Asante war.
Nehandafemale military leader of the Shona in Zimbabwe.
Menelik IIruler in Ethiopia; began to modernize his country; preserved independence against Italians.
Eliteupper class.
Muhammad Ahmaddeclared himself the Mahdi; led resistance against British expansion into Sudan.
Mahdisavior of the Muslim faith; title claimed by Muhammad Ahmad.
Pashaprovincial ruler in the Ottoman empire.
Sultanruler of the Ottoman Turkish empire.
Genocidedeliberation attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group.
Muhammad Ali"father of modern Egypt"; introduced a number of economic and political reforms; built a well-trained army.
Concessionspecial economic rights given to a foreign power.
SatiHindu custom that called for a wife to join her husband in death by throwing herself of his funeral pyre.
SepoyIndian soldiers who served in an army set up by the French or English East India company.
Viceroyrepresentative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the Americas in the king's name; one who governed in India in the name of the British monarch.
Deforestationthe destruction of forest land.
Ram Mohun Royhailed as the founder of Indian nationalism; thought that India could learn from the West while revitalizing and reforming its traditional culture.
Purdahisolation of women in separate quarters.
Balance of Tradedifference between how much a country imports and how much it exports.
Trade Surplussituation in which a country exports more than it imports.
Trade Deficitsituation in which a country imports more than it exports.
Opium War1839-1842 war between China and Britain; ended with China's defeat and the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, which was the first of many unequal treaties that forced China to make concessions to Western powers.
Indemnitypayment for losses in war.
Extraterritorialitythe right of foreigners to live under their own laws and to be tried in their won courts.
Taiping Rebellionconsidered the most devastating peasant revolt in history; 1850-1864 rebellion in southern China that almost toppled the Qing dynasty.
Sino-Japanese War1894 war between China and Japan in which Japan gained control of Taiwan.
Open Door Policypolicy that kept Chinese trade open to all countries on an equal basis.
Guang XuChinese emperor who launched the Hundred Days of Reform and was imprisoned for his efforts.
Boxer Uprisingrebellion by Chinese secret society meant to drive out "foreign devils" from their country.
Sun Yixianhis goal was to rebuild China on "Three Principles of the People"; was named new president of Chinese republic in 1911.
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