The launch of Sputnik stunned Americans
because
The United States had landed the first man
on the mon
The USSR had landed the first man on the
moon.
The USSR had launched the world's first
artificial satellite
The United States had launched the world's
first artificial satellite.

i think the answer is a and i hope this ; ))

frederick william of brandenburg-prussia trained his son, frederick, to be a hardy soldier. but frederick disliked rifle shooting and horseback riding. unlike his father, he was interested in french literature. he enjoyed poetry and music and, like some others of the enlightenment, he scoffed at religion. his father thought him soft, frivolous and unmindful of his duties. and when frederick refused to put his signature on a right to succession, for a few moments his father strangled him.