Which Amendment declared that persons born in the U. S. are citizens of the U. S.?

The 14th Constitutional Amendment is the one that details citizenship.    

Explanation:

14th amendment

Explanation:

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".