The Mongols a. captured Constantinople two times, but left shortly afterward in order not to destroy the city's profitable trading system. b. introduced the meaning of ornate rugs to Persia and Egypt, from where it spread across the Islamic world. c. initially came from the Congo Basin in central Africa. d. were unable to capture Egypt, due to the effective resistance of the Mamelukes. e. adapted quickly to life in the Middle East, as they were already Muslims and greatly interested in trade and urban development.