What effect did jim crow laws have on southern society? a. they created a racially segregated society. b. they prevented african americans from becoming farmers. c. they prevented the migration of emancipated slaves. d. they promoted peaceful co-existence between blacks and whites.

a. They created a racially segregated society

This is because the Jim Crow Laws were trying to keep black and whites separate. They separated everything toilets, pools parks, schools. Eventually the Supreme Court ruled the Jim Crow Laws unconstitutional and they were abolished.

i believe the answer would be 1.

freedom of speech is also protected by the 1 amendment.

explanation:

here is pretty much what the 1st amendment says:

congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.