What did the Soviet Union launch on October 4, 1957

On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite.

Sputnik 1

Explanation: Why did you have to report my answer mate, chill out.  The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957, orbiting for three weeks before its batteries died, then silently for two more months before falling back into the atmosphere.

which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of russia?

profound political, administrative, and social changes in the british isles.