Why were kings so desperate and determined to pay explorers so highly for a new route to East?

Because they weren't able to trade with East through the route that was established in the Middle Ages.

Explanation:

After the Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire they were the ones that dominated the route that connected Asia and Europe. Traders were not safe on that route and that is why rulers of European countries decided to finance sailors to find a new sea route. The first ones that did that were rulers of Spain and Portugal. Others followed.

they supported black codes so the answer is a or b

a best description that resulted a division among labor in the early farming communities in their period was there was a change in their society in terms of having social roles to develop and change that led complications and divisions in the society.