3. The passiveness of the federal court system in the United States best explains why --
(1 Point)

Federal courts has limited jurisdiction

Explanation:

Federal courts system in the United States of America have various characteristics, among which is passiveness, this implies that, federal court system has limited jurisdiction, that is, they can only hear case authorized the United States Constitution or federal statutes, rather than the hypothetical ones.

The federal District court is the initial point for any case that falls under federal statutes, the Constitution, or treaties. This type of jurisdiction is often referred to as “original jurisdiction"

Followed by the District courts is Circuit Court, often referred to as Appeal courts, in which they take the initiatives from District Courts; people have to Appeal to these courts, before the can hear the proceedings or do something

Then the last one which is the highest court is mostly referred to as Supreme Court, which has the power to decide appeals; decisions from Appeal courts, that needs to be contested by the parties to the judgment, or on all cases brought in federal court or those brought in state court but dealing with federal law.

b). (sounds as the best answer)