The actions taken by Gandhi and his followers, as described in this excerpt, are examples of

nonviolent resistance

Explanation:

Nonviolent resistance (NVR or nonviolent action) is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests.

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answer is a meeting of congress.

explanation:

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the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.