When combined with Congress and the presidency, which of the following also most directly contribute(s) to the creation of public policy?

the media, interest groups, international alliances, or judicial branch

Interest groups

Explanation:

All of the options given here contribute to the creation of public policy in one way or another. The media can influence the opinion of voters, or shine light on a particular issue. International alliances can force a government to focus on a particular matter, while the judicial branch can argue against a law if this is found to be unconstitutional. However, the one with the most direct influence in the creation of public policy are interest groups. Interest groups are specifically designed with the purpose of influencing the creation of policy. They usually have a specific goal in mind and are able to put great effort and resources into accomplishing it.

it was the shinto. the answer is c.