What kind of economy is being described : Companies
decide what to make based on demand.

That is called Supply and Demand. The company and customers have a relationship where the customer wants a product and the company supplies it. :)

i think it would be reparing roads  

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts