As a result of the government heavily investing in research and development, Germany was able to
produce opium for international sale.
colonize the greater part of Japan.
Obecome #2 in industrial development
surpass Britain's Navy.

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.