How have the magna carta, mayflower compact, english bill of rights, and “common sense” affected what you think about government?

This seems like a subjective and personal question your teacher is asking you, it'll be hard for someone to give you the right answer when there are so many. If you're having trouble thinking of a way to answer, just imagine yourself in that time period, and ask yourself how you'd feel about each of those documents if they affected your life, and how you would feel about the government enacting them - you should find your answer then.