These puppies were born in the same litter to the same parents but they have different traits for the feature of toenail thickness one puppy has thick toenails one has thin toenails and the third has medium toenails how did these puppies end up with toenails thickness that are different from one another even though they have the same parents how did the gene combination result in the different traits

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.