An ancient Greek city-state developed a kind of government that didn’t require a king. People freely participated in the state’s government. There was a council and an assembly. In these government bodies, citizens were able to discuss, debate, and vote on government matters.

d. direct

c or d both can be the answer

after defeating german forces in north africa allied leaders turned their attention to "italy," since this was the location that made the most geographic sense before invading northern europe via france. 

you didn't list the options. however, a few communist countries today are: the people's republic of china, north korea, and cuba.