John Roebling, the designer of the Brooklyn Bridge, was a civil engineer who invented twisted wire-rope cable. also worked on the design of the George Washington Bridge. took over the building of the bridge after his father died. emigrated to the United States from Czechoslovakia.

The question of what caused the full effects of the radical stage, also called the second french revolution by some historians, which shook the political and social reforms in france have caught the attention of many scholars, particularly because of principles implemented during this stage which is contradictory to the fundamental principle of the french revolution itself, by using dictatorship to create equality.