What were some of the ways Southern politicians and voters restricted the rights of African Americans without basing those restrictions specifically on race?

I'm not sure if I interpreted the question right, but here is my answer. There was one big aspect, the Grandfather clause, which stated that for a man to vote his grandfather had to have voted themselves (before Reconstruction). This was not necessarily about race, but it was, in reality, meant so that many Black people could not vote because of the lack of citizenship in that previous era. There were also literacy tests that were required, and many African-Americans could not read and/or write at the time. There were also poll taxes. These were not really stated or supposed to be marketed as racist, although at the time they would have passed either way, especially in the southern states.

Explanation:

Again, not sure if I interpreted your question in the way you needed it to be answered, but those were popular in the 19th-20th century. I'm also unsure of what era you meant because of the wording. Sorry, hope this helps if this was the target question.

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