What military conquest brought Charlemagne the respect and gratitude of the Roman Catholic Church?

A) Charlemagne's conquest of Gaul earned him the respect of the papacy.

B) Charlemagne's defeat of the Lombards earned him the papacy's gratitude.

C) Charlemagne's conquest of England earned him the respect of the papacy.

D) Charlemagne's defeat of the Ottoman Empire earned him the papacy's gratitude.

B)Charlemagne's defeat of the Lombards earned him the papacy's gratitude.

Explanation:

Charlemagne's defeat of the Lombards earned him the papacy's gratitude. The Lombards were a Germanic tribe who had taken over Norther Italy and were moving south toward Rome.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

pope john paul ii ( his real name is karol wojtyla) and lech walesa ( the leader of the solidarity movement ) were both born in poland.