San Francisco grew from a small town to a booming city
Those who took part in this event were known as the “Forty-Niners”
This precious metal was first discovered here by John Sutter and John Marshall
Which event is being described here?
A) Louisiana Purchase
B) Mexican-American War
C) California Gold Rush
D) Texas War for Independence

the answer to fill in the blank in this question would be the word resource, it is defined as the money, material or people (since human resource is a very valuable good) that a company or a person has at disposition (meaning they can use the resource as they see fit), to be able to complete a task or achieve a goal.  

the punishment for breaking the law would depend on the conditions or the seriousness of the law being broken, if he or she breaks the law while doing some great discovery or invention then it would classify as a scientific fraud. there are other words to describe the crime but scientific fraud would be the harshest one.

the government closely monitored its finances to avoid another financial collapse.