Which plan was designed to prioritize punishing the south, keeping newly
emancipated blacks free and keeping their party in power?

The plan that was designed to prioritize punishing the south, keeping newly  emancipated blacks free and keeping their party in power was the Radical Reconstruction.

Explanation:

Radical Reconstruction was a stage of Reconstruction that went from 1866 to 1873, in which the emphasis was put on the civil and voting rights of freed slaves. The project assumed an increase in the number of people in the southern states obliged to take a loyalty oath from 10 to 50%. Only they could then take part in the election of new state authorities. After forming, they were to give freedom to all slaves, granting them political rights.

The introduction of the provisions resulting from the Civil Rights Act and the 14th amendment was a prerequisite for recognizing the Southern states' constitutions as the legal basis for the operation of future permanent state legislatures. It was only after Congress had approved the new constitutions that the states could return to the Union. The earliest (in 1867) was adopted by Alabama, and the latest (in 1870) by Virginia, Mississippi and Texas.

confedracy

supported slavery

upheld the supremacy of federal laws

believed states should be able to nullify federal laws

union

wanted to abolish slavery

supported high tariffs

upheld the supremacy of federal laws