Explanation:
1.How did the Civil War alter the relationship between Federal and state governments?
In the decades before the Civil War, both the North and the South clashed with the states of the national government over perceived excess in their power. These conflicts struck at the heart of dual federalism, and reflect a fundamental disagreement over the division of power between the national and state levels. While these political battles were ostensibly resolved either through legislative compromise or Supreme Court decisions, the underlying tensions and disagreements over states' rights would later help set the stage for civil war.
2.How did the Civil War affect/change American society?
The Civil War paved the way for Americans to live, learn, and move in ways that seemed almost inconceivable a few years ago. With these doors of opportunity open, the United States experienced rapid economic growth. Immigrants also began to see the burgeoning nation as a land of opportunity, and to reach these shores in unprecedented numbers.
3.How did the Civil War affect American industry and technology?
The civil war brought with it the first transcontinental railroad. Also known as the "Pacific Railroad," the world's first transcontinental highway, built between 1863 and 1869, was intended - at least partially - to link California with the Union during the Civil War. To build the line, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific rail companies received 400-foot-wide rights-of-way, plus 10 square miles of land, from the government for each mile of railroad they built.
4.How did the Civil War affect medical practices in the United States?
The Civil War began during the last breath of medieval medicine and ended at the dawn of modern medicine. The two sides entered the war with flimsy squadrons of doctors, whose only training was based on studying books. Four years later, legions of doctors trained on the battlefield, experts in anatomy, anesthesia, and surgery, were preparing to make enormous strides in medicine.
The nation's first ambulance corps was created during the Civil War for the purpose of transporting wounded soldiers to field hospitals in carts specifically designed and deployed for that purpose. The idea was to collect the wounded soldiers, take them to a "bandage station" and then transfer them to the field hospital.
Before the war, most people received medical care at home. After the war, hospitals adapted to the campaign model emerged throughout the country. The ambulance and the corps of nurses became permanent elements of medicine. The most famous nurse of the Civil War, Clara Barton, went on to found the American Red Cross. The modern hospital descends directly from those first medical centers.
5.
What is the "Lost Cause" movement and what are its 3 tenets (elements)?
The "Lost Cause" is an ideological movement that fantasizes the Confederate cause as a heroic struggle against enormous difficulties. The doctrine of the Lost Cause highlights supposed virtues of the South before the war and portrays that Civil War as an honorable fight in defense of the southern way of life.
More controversially, the Lost Cause ideology masks the horrors of slavery by describing them as more compassionate than cruel, and arguing that slavery taught Christianity and civilized values. It ignores the Confederacy's shortcomings and justifies its defeat by the massive superiority of the Yankee industrial machinery.
6.With the Union having defeated the Confederacy, what challenges do you think it would face in rebuilding Southern society?
The decisive victories of the Federal Army under Grant finally led to the unconditional surrender of the Confederate States of America (as a curious note, some newspapers from the northern territories of the United States coined the expression "unconditional surrender" Grant). Southern diplomats had been trying to achieve a negotiated peace (or even a conditional surrender) since the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, but federal government leaders did not accept any proposal to that effect, as the prevailing view was that any concession from the The United States government, having defeated the Confederate Army on the battlefield, would be a short-term victory and could leave the door open to a re-issue of the conflict.
That goal was finally reached on April 9, 1865, when Robert E. Lee officially surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses Simpson Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse. Although there were other Confederate armies to surrender in the following weeks, such as that of Joseph E. Johnston in North Carolina, this date is nevertheless symbolic of the end of the bloodiest war in American history, of the end of the Confederate States. America, and the beginning of the slow process of rebuilding the country.
