Read the excerpt from the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal” has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. . . . [The courts must issue] orders and decrees . . . to admit to public schools on a racially nondiscriminatory basis with all deliberate speed the parties to these cases. Brown v. Board of Education, Chief Justice Earl Warren, 1954–1955 Which phrase did state leaders who were opposed to integration use to drag out the process of desegregation? “separate but equal” “with all deliberate speed” “are inherently unequal” “racially nondiscriminatory”

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in the 1800s, chinese workers migrated to the united states, first to work in the gold mines, but also to take agricultural jobs, and factory work, especially in the garment industry. chinese immigrants were particularly instrumental in building railroads in the american west, and as chinese laborers grew successful in the united states, a number of them became entrepreneurs in their own right. as the numbers of chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-chinese sentiment among other workers in the american economy. this finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of chinese workers to the united states, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the united states and china.