If “not one slave was actually set free,” why do you believe that “Border States were pleased” and “Abolitionists, ‘contrabands,’ and slaves were overjoyed” when Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation?

after defeating german forces in north africa allied leaders turned their attention to "italy," since this was the location that made the most geographic sense before invading northern europe via france. 

they became hereditary because there weren't many jobs for people in lower classes