Why did the Mamluks stop the Mongols?

Describe the technology advancements that lead to explorers being able to sail great distances. [[ps: doesn't explain where. i am only speculating it's in europe.

Why is ivan iv known as “ivan the terrible”?

Put the following events in the correct chronological order: i. new state constitutions are formed. ii. declaration of independence is signed. iii. second continental congress writes the articles of confederation. iv. special conventions are convened to produce fundamental laws for the states. a. ii, iii, iv, i b. ii, iv, i, iii c. ii, i, iv, iii d. ii, i, iii, iv