The introduction of Buddhism into Japan and of Christianity into Africa are examples of ?

Cultural diffusion.

Explanation:

It was mostly the merchants a missionary's that came to Japan and Africa that made this happen.

Hope that this helps c;  

john smith was the first englishman to sail around the world. francis bacon served as attorney general and lord chancellor of england. he took up aristotelian ideas, arguing for an empirical, inductive approach, known as the scientific method, which is the foundation of modern scientific inquiry.