What person made soldiers more loyal to him than even to Rome?

Augustus Caesar

Explanation:

The roman empire was stretched over a long territorial region and therefore most of the soldiers were loyal to the generals of the legion instead to Rome itself. The soldiers who have never been to Rome shared a unique relationship with their generals alongside whom they fought battles, gained bo*oty, and received other war benefits. Augustus Caesar gained control over the military and thus established a more centralized rule. He became the first emperor to gain the loyalty of his generals and thus the loyalty of the people of Rome.

1. it was caused by feudalism

2. charlemagne used christianity as a major cornerstone for his rule. cloisters were built all over the empire to act as centers for the (re)population of the vast european wilderness.

3. the europeans feared the next raid every time chetak

i'm not so sure about #6. but i hope i you with the first 3.