What does the Greek philosopher Socrates mean in "I am not an Athenian, nor a Greek, but a citizen of the world."

Socrates means that he, along with everyone else on Earth, should be treated equally, as we all are citizens of this world. He doesn't wish to be seen by his ethnicity or nationality, but by his humanity. This is, unfortunately, an issue we still have today, which is why this quote is timeless.

whose power in the senate is equal to the power of the speaker of the house?

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.