One way in which the civilizations of the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians 1 point were similar is that each *
Developed extensive writing systems.
Emphasized equality in education.
Established monotheistic religions.
Encouraged democratic participation in government.

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful