How did permanent settlements impact the social structure of early civilizations

Permanent settlements led to population increases. As populations grew, societies became more complex, as well as some social institutions that are older than civilization, but that fully developed in early civilizations: division of labor, social hierarchy, and even slavery.

In other words, as early civilizations became more complex, the relative egalitarianism of nomadic and semi nomadic societes disappeared.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".