The Black Codes were:

Explanation:

The Black Codes, sometimes called Black Laws, were laws governing the conduct of African Americans. The best known of them were passed in 1865 and 1866 by Southern states, after the American Civil War, in order to restrict African Americans' freedom, and to compel them to work for low wages.

the correct option is: a liberal.

the kind of person that is most likely to hold a left-wing political ideology is liberal because they have in common that they support human individual rights and liberties. also, they both have politically and economically centrist.

moreover, a liberal believes that everyone should have equal rights as well as opportunities to succeed in life, and the freedom to make their own decisions as long as they don't attack the rights of other people. all people deserve the same opportunities and basic needs.

cruel and illegal punishments

that would be the correct answer