How did makkah become a holy city of islam?

Which statement is true regarding the government structures of new france and the english colonies? a. new france was governed by the king, while some english colonies had authority to govern themselves. b. new france and the english colonies were established with the understanding that the king or queen would oversee all aspects of society. c. the english colonies were ruled by the king or queen who granted the charters, while new france had complete autonomy. d. both new france and the english colonies ruled without any interference from their country's respective king or queen.

Was the amassing of men, equipment, and supplies for the 1944 invasion of europe. operation varsity operation nordwind operation dragoon operation overload operation torch

What does the term “escalation” refer to?