What do these other letters in the cartoon represent?

The letters next to the snake are abbreviations of each colony in geographical order, running south to north (South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, New England).

Explanation:

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

in which two ways were the northeast woodland indians and the southeast indians similar? both collaborated to form the iroquois confederacy. both cultivated the crops of corn, beans, and squash. both lived in rich environments of swamps and rivers. both lived in tree-bark dwellings called wigwams. both expected men to hunt, while women farmed.