What advantage did Athens have during the Peloponnesian War?

Athens had a strong navy, was protected by walls, and positioned the city center on a high hill.  Athens used ships to supply people with food, moved people inside the city walls for protection, allowed Spartans to destroy the countryside

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

(e) a major consequence of the election was that several southern states