Why are the middle ages refereed to the dark ages?

Because they were very "Dark" times.  There was the plage (Black Death)  and many others.  There were many wars faught in that time span.  It wasn't peacefull or safe unless you were a king or in royal family.  Thats why they were referred to as the Dark ages.

c) he felt the constitution clearly gave states this right.

a reason that was key to coolidge's victory in the 1924 presidental election was that; democratic party supporters were split in the north and south.