What was the first state to secede from the union

South Carolina

Explanation:

On December 20, 1860, the state of South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union as shown on the accompanying map entitled “Map of the United States of America showing the Boundaries of the Union and Confederate Geographical Divisions and Departments as of Dec, 31, 1860” published in the 1891 Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Civil War.

companies passed on production and transportation costs to consumers