A federal district court judge is scheduled to preside over a civil lawsuit. The judge has a substantial financial investment with one of the parties to the lawsuit and is widely believed to have personally profited from the actions disputed in the lawsuit. The judge refuses to consider recusal from the case. Which of the following identifies an action that could be taken to address this judge’s conflict of interest?

Citizens could initiate a petition to recall the judge from office.
The president could remove the judge and appoint a replacement.
Congress could open an investigation into the judge’s financial records.
The Supreme Court could bypass the lower court and try the case itself.