Please match the following words to their definitions. Adam Smith
Baron De Montesquieu
Bill of Rights
Charles Darwin
Copernicus
Democracy
Divine Right of Kings
Enlightenment
Enlightened Despot
Federalism
Industrial Revolution
Leonardo De Vinci
Magna Carta
Martin Luther
Natural Rights
Salon
Social Contract
Sovereignty
Thomas Edison
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Jefferson
Voltaire

1. A form of Government in which the Supreme authority rests with the people. The word comes from the Greek Words: Demos = people and Kratos = power. *
Your answer
2. Form of Government in which those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people. *
Your answer
3. Supreme and absolute power within its own territory. *
Your answer
4. Certain unalienable rights to which all people are entitled: the right to life, liberty, property, freedom of speech and religion, and equality before the law. *
Your answer
5. 1215 “Great Charter” document guaranteed basic political rights in England. Ex. Right to trial by a jury of his or her peers. *
Your answer
6. System of Government in which the written constitution divides power between a central or national Govt. and several local governments. (State) *
Your answer
7. First 10 amendments of the U. S. Constitution that guarantee basic rights such as freedom of speech and religion, trial by jury, and protection against cruel and unusual *
Your answer
8. 1543 Heliocentric Theory ( Earth revolves around the Sun) *
Your answer
9. Developed the Theory of separation of power; in order to prevent too much power in the hands of one government agency. ( Ex. U. S. Three branches of Government (executive/legislative/judicial) that check each other) *
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10. Monarchs who embraced new ideas and made reforms that reflected the enlightenment spirit. Ex. Catherine and Frederick the Great *
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11. a term created by Thomas Hobbes to describe the agreement in which the people give up their individual rights in exchange for the law and order provided by the government. *
Your answer
12. The concept that Kings were appointed by God *
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13. 18th-century French writer and philosopher who defended freedom of religion, speech, and promoted tolerance. The U. S. borrowed his ideas for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution. *
Your answer
14. An 18th-century intellectual movement led by the philosophes: stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life. *
Your answer
15. Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence and the U. S. Constitution protection of Natural Rights such as Life liberty and property *
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16. Wrote the book Leviathan 1651 – Concerning the Social Contract – he believed people were wicked and selfish and needed a powerful government to maintain order and protect their natural rights *
Your answer
17. Laissez-Faire Economics, Wrote the book “ Wealth of Nation”. Believed that self-interest, not government intervention fueled an efficient economy. Father of Capitalism *
Your answer
18. German Monk, who started the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500’s. *
Your answer
19. Social gathering of intellectual and artists held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris during the enlightenment. *
Your answer
20. The originator of the concepts of adaptation and evolution *

Adam Smith

17. Laissez-Faire Economics, Wrote the book “ Wealth of Nation”. Believed that self-interest, not government intervention fueled an efficient economy. Father of Capitalism

Baron De Montesquieu

9. Developed the Theory of separation of power; in order to prevent too much power in the hands of one government agency. ( Ex. U.S. Three branches of Government (executive/legislative/judicial) that check each other)

Bill of Rights

7. First 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution that guarantee basic rights such as freedom of speech and religion, trial by jury, and protection against cruel and unusual

Charles Darwin

20. The originator of the concepts of adaptation and evolution

Copernicus

8. 1543 Heliocentric Theory ( Earth revolves around the Sun) *

Democracy

1. A form of Government in which the Supreme authority rests with the people. The word comes from the Greek Words: Demos = people and Kratos = power. *

Divine Right of Kings

12. The concept that Kings were appointed by God  

Enlightenment

14. An 18th-century intellectual movement led by the philosophes: stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life. *

Enlightened Despot

10. Monarchs who embraced new ideas and made reforms that reflected the enlightenment spirit. Ex. Catherine and Frederick the Great *

Federalism

6. System of Government in which the written constitution divides power between a central or national Govt. and several local governments. (State) *

Industrial Revolution

Leonardo De Vinci

Italian painter, engineer, scientist and inventor who exemplified the "Renaissance man".

Magna Carta

5. 1215 “Great Charter” document guaranteed basic political rights in England. Ex. Right to trial by a jury of his or her peers. *

Martin Luther

18. German Monk, who started the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500’s. *

Natural Rights

4. Certain unalienable rights to which all people are entitled: the right to life, liberty, property, freedom of speech and religion, and equality before the law. *  

Salon

19. Social gathering of intellectual and artists held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris during the enlightenment. *

Social Contract

11. a term created by Thomas Hobbes to describe the agreement in which the people give up their individual rights in exchange for the law and order provided by the government. *

Sovereignty

3. Supreme and absolute power within its own territory. *

Thomas Edison

Thomas Hobbes

16. Wrote the book Leviathan 1651 – Concerning the Social Contract he believed people were wicked and selfish and needed a powerful government to maintain order and protect their natural rights

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment.

Voltaire

13. 18th-century French writer and philosopher who defended freedom of religion, speech, and promoted tolerance. The U.S. borrowed his ideas for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution. *

the french revolution main idea was to give power to the people. the revolution was influenced by the enlightenment ideas, reasoning and skepticism pushed people to revolt against standards and norms in french society.

the problem was that the revolution caused political turmoil, and napoleon saw this as an opportunity and launched a coup d’état in november 1799. he became the first consul of france and later named french emperor.

some people see napoleon as a hero of the revolution and others see him as a traitor.

people see him as a traitor because he noticed the political turmoil and used this moment to rise to power. others see him as a hero of the revolution because he had some political and military achievements - in which he was committed to promoting the achievements of the french revolution - he had extensive public constructions, made a civil reform.

in a bigger picture, napoleon had some huge achievements in france which made him very important, but the fact that he seized power to himself makes him an undeniable traitor to the revolution since the main idea of it was to remove people from power and give power to the people.

the best description of postwar writers might be progressive.

following the war, writers showed a tendency to work on artistic or social matters rather than political themes. while postwar literature may not have been the greatest period of english literature, the themes provided excellent critics a high number of novels. such examples include anthony burgess, anthony powell and frank kermode, all of which can be placed under the progressive view.