How did governments in the middle east maintain order and exercise power? (1450-present)

2018 means 2018 ce or common era

there have been other eras too including bce, which included way more years.

1(a) traditional methods of production are upheld.

2(d) to convert private property to state-owned property

3b) feudalism

5(a) question

6(c) to preserve the past

7(d) the opportunity to make a profit

8(b) get paid by the government

could not do 4 sorry. . hope this