Read the passage and answer the following question. "In revising the federal system we ought to inquire 1. into the properties, which such a
government ought to possess, 2. the defects of the confederation, 3. the danger of our situation
& 4. the remedy.
The Character of such a government ought to secure 1. against foreign invasion. 2. against
dissensions between members of the Union, or seditions in particular States, 3. to procure to
the several States various blessings, of which an isolated situation was incapable, 4. to be able
to defend itself against encroachment, & 5. to be paramount to the state constitutions."
-Edmund Randolph, as recorded in James Madison's journal, 1787
Which of the following was a consequence of the ideas described in the passage?