How are debates are "institutionalized" in the political process inthe United States?

Political parties are not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. Nevertheless, America’s founders understood that the republic they were founding requires parties as a means for keeping government accountable to the people. Throughout America’s history, the power of political parties has risen and fallen, reaching their nadir in the last few decades Hope that helped

Explanation:

why was the national assembly formed by the third estate?

the estates-general had not been assembled since 1614, and its deputies drew up long lists of grievances and called for sweeping political and social reforms. the third estate, which had the most representatives, declared itself the national assembly and took an oath to force a new constitution on the king.

the answer is a) the proclamation of 1763.