Read the passage below and answer the question. Once people had developed food production to the point of being able to store surpluses, the human population began to grow more rapidly; from 8000 to 3000 BCE it increased from 6 to 50 million. Some people began to live in cities of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. In cities, people created a whole new range of ideas and structures that came to be called “civilization” (from the Latin civitas, for city) by Western historians. Among the characteristics of “civilization” usually cited are: storage of food, development of a priestly caste, central authority, nonagricultural specialists, social stratification, increased trade, development of writing, tribute forcibly collected from outlying farmers, development of soldiers and standing armies, monumental public works, and increased gender inequality.
From: Cynthia Stokes Brown, Big History from the Big Bang to the Present (2012).

According to the passage, what best describes the changes that occurred after the development of food production?