Where are the mostly significant cities in historical islam?

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.

answer:

it caused mass african migration, african populations to grow, african empires to topple, and racism against slaves to emerge.