Agroup of civilians trained to fight in emergencies is called a

I believe the answer is : Militia reserves

The militia reserves do not have constant and regular training like the legitimate armed forces do. But, they are often given a brief training to help defend the countries in case additional troops are needed to defend an invasion. As soon as the invasion is over, they would be released from their military duty and can continue with their normal job.

a, he promoted disarmament

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.