4. How did Luther's protests against the Church lead to other denominations or forms of Christianity?

He found himself more dependent on state authorities for the growth of his reformed church. Luther Also gained support from many German Rulers.  

How did the protests lead to other denominations?  People still believed in the Christian God but, there was a divide people had to make between the current Catholic beliefs and the interpretation of what god wants according the word of the bible.  The followers realized people are flawed and that they could create a more accurate representation of the bible with another denomination.

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what are local authorities doing to fix the problem

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the reform movements that arose during the antebellum period in america focused on specific issues: temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions (with prison's purpose reconceived as rehabilitation rather than punishment), the humane treatment of animals, the humane and just treatment of native americans, the establishment of public institutions for the care of the destitute, orphans, blind, and mentally ill, the establishment of public schools, the abolition of tobacco use, vegetarianism, health reform, homeopathic medicine, woman's rights (including, at first, especially the establishment of a woman's right to own property apart from her husband and her right to sue for divorce), and the amelioration of labor conditions (including higher pay, the right to form unions, the right to strike, and the demand for limits on the number of work hours, and safe working conditions).

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