Why of all of the states and peoples of Asia were the Chinese and Japanese able to both fend off the expansion-minded
European intruders and consolidate their centralized
political systems and rise to even higher levels of economic
productivity and cultural development?

NEED HELP

Why were the Chinese and Japanese able to fend off the expansion-minded European intruders and consolidate their empires compared to the other states and peoples of Asia? Japan was a warrior-dominated state, and under leaders during the Tokugawa, was militarily forceful.

Explanation:

maybe by travelers or gossip

panamal canal treaty and iran hostage crisis hope this