50 POINTS PLS ANSWER ALL I NEED TO SUBMIT THE ANSWERS IN 20 MINSS 3.
In 1971, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution was proposed. It ultimately failed because not enough states ratified the amendment before the deadline set by Congress. The amendment had seemed headed for quick approval until a movement led by Phyllis Schlafly mobilized homemakers to oppose the amendment in their state legislatures, and the amendment fell three states short of the 38 states needed for ratification.
What aspect of US democracy does this scenario illustrate?
A. Congress can ratify amendments to the Constitution without input from states.
B. States will ratify amendments to the Constitution even if citizens disagree with them.
C. Individuals can influence decisions on the ratification of constitutional amendments.
D. States can choose to ratify amendments to the US Constitution when they want to.

4:
The smaller the number of individuals composing a majority, and the smaller the compass within which they are placed, the more easily will they concert and execute their plans of oppression. Extend the sphere, and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens.
Which statement best reflects the principles of representation supported by James Madison in this passage?
A. The president represents the widest range of political viewpoints because a presidential election requires a majority in the Electoral College.
B. The Senate represents the widest variety of political views because each senator’s election rests on approval from a majority of voters in each state.
C. The House represents the widest range of political viewpoints because it contains a large number of members, all representing their constituents’ political views.
D. The federal court system ensures the widest number of viewpoints because judges outnumber other elected officials and therefore represent the most political views.

5:
(Look at chart image)
Based on the information in the chart, what conclusion can be reached about the national government under the Articles of Confederation?
A. It made defense spending a government priority.
B. It could not secure loans to pay its expenses from the war.
C. It was able to leverage its land holdings to pay down the government’s deficit.
D. It did not have the power to impose taxes on the states.

7:
But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.
Which change to the Constitution would most directly undermine the argument made by Madison in this passage?
1. allowing the president to serve more than two full terms
2. granting the president a line-item veto over congressional appropriations
3. requiring the federal government to balance the federal budget each year
4. giving the states the power to amend the Constitution without federal approval

8:
But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.
–James Madison, Federalist, no. 51
To limit the concentration of power identified by Madison in this passage, the framers of the Constitution:
A. included a Bill of Rights outlining specific rights held by the people.
B. created a federal system of government with separate national and state governments.
C. divided the powers of government among distinct branches, each with limited oversight over the others.
D. denied the national government the right to exercise any power not explicitly identified in the Constitution.

19:
The federal government passes an education mandate creating national common core standards. The state of Idaho must follow these standards, but lawmakers think that the standards should be more rigorous and align more closely to Idaho’s educational needs.
What is the state’s best course of action in regards to the federal government’s mandate?
A. The state can pass additional legislation to increase the educational standards.
B. The state can modify the educational standards set out by the federal government.
C. The state can ignore the educational standards that do not align with its curriculum.
D. The state can request permission from the federal government to create more educational standards.